How to Edit a Book The Ultimate Free 21-Part Checklist

Step by step instructions to Edit a Book The Ultimate Free 21-Part Checklist Step by step instructions to Edit a Book: Your Ultimate 21-Part Checklist So you need to get distributed? On the off chance that you need individuals to really peruse what you’ve composed, you should ace the craft of fiercely self-altering your book. Nowadays, anybody can get anything printed. It doesn’t even must be acceptable. In the event that you have the cash, you can discover somebody whoâ will print whatever you submit, with no guarantees. That’s not really insidious. Practically any autonomous distributer would be glad to offer all the administrations you’re ready to pay for to make your composition as publishable as could be expected under the circumstances. Be that as it may, you’re the chief. So in the event that you need them to print your unedited book in the specific structure you offer it to them, they’ll state, â€Å"As you wish. What's more, in the event that they wont, you can without much of a stretch discover somebody who will. Then again In a perfect world, you’d rather be found by a conventional distributer who takes all the dangers and pays you a development against sovereignties and afterward eminences on your deals. However, the chances of handling a customary distributing contract are thin. So you should isolate yourself from the opposition by guaranteeing your original copy is the most perfectly awesome it tends to be. Truly, a conventional distributer will have its own editors and editors. In any case, to get that far, your original copy must be superior to a thousand different entries. What's more, if you’re independently publishing, the best way to contrast significantly more rivalry is by savagely altering your own book until its as fresh and spotless as could reasonably be expected. There’s minimal more regrettable than an autonomously distributed book that appears as though one. Thus, You Must Learn How to Edit a Book Regardless of whether you’re going to employ an editorial manager, or be allocated one by a customary distributer, your obligation is to get your book original copy to the most significant level it very well may be before you pass it on. Never settle for, â€Å"That’s all the better I can do; presently fix it for me.† Why? Since unfortunately, in the event that you endeavor the conventional distributing course, could empty as long as you can remember into an original copy and get only five minutes of an editor’s time before your book is dismissed. Sounds out of line, doesn’t it? Be that as it may, as one who has been on the two sides of the work area for over four decades, let me let you know there are explanations behind it: Why Publishers Reject Your Manuscript After Reading Just Two Pages Editors can tell inside a page or two how much altering would be required to make an original copy publishable; on the off chance that it would take a great deal of work in each sentence, the work cost alone would exclude it. An editorial manager can tell quickly whether an essayist comprehends grabbing a peruser by the throat and not let go. Have an excessive number of characters been presented too rapidly? Does the essayist comprehend perspective? Is the setting and tone intriguing? Do we know where the story is going, or is there an excess of throat clearing? (See beneath for a clarification.) Is the story inconspicuous and suggestive, or is it spot on? Indeed, an expert editorial manager can decide this with a speedy read of the initial a few pages. On the off chance that you end up saying, â€Å"But they didn’t even get to the great stuff,† then you have to put the great stuff before in your original copy. So today, I need to focus in on close composition and self-altering. Creator Francine Prose says: For any author, the capacity to take a gander at a sentence and see what’s pointless, what can be adjusted, changed, extended, or particularly cut, is fundamental. It’s fulfilling to see that sentence recoil, fit properly, and at last rise in an increasingly cleaned structure: clear, practical, sharp. In the event that you’re prepared to figure out how to alter a book, here’s what you have to do: The Ultimate Checklist for Editing a Book Need to keep these 21 self-altering tips helpful next time youre writing? Click here to download the agenda. 1. Build up a toughness. Or if nothing else to profess to. It’s difficult. Yet, we essayists need to tune in to our editors-regardless of whether that implies tuning in to ourselves! 2. Maintain a strategic distance from throat-clearing. This is a scholarly term for a story or part that at long last starts after a page or two of scene setting and foundation. Continue ahead with it. 3. Pick the ordinary word over the inhumane. When you’re enticed to flaunt your jargon or an extravagant manner of expression, think peruser first and keep your substance ruler. Don’t barge in. Escape the method of your message. 4. Overlook unnecessary words. A standard that follows its own recommendation. This ought to be the sign of each author. 5. Maintain a strategic distance from inconspicuous redundancies. â€Å"She gestured her head in agreement.† Those last four words could be erased. What else would she gesture however her head? What's more, when she gestures, we need not be told she’s in understanding. â€Å"He applauded his hands.† What else would he applaud? â€Å"She shrugged her shoulders.† What else? â€Å"He squinted his eyes.† Same inquiry. â€Å"They heard the sound of a train whistle.† The sound of could be erased. 6. Stay away from the words here and there except if they’re truly required. He fixed [up] the gadget. She sat [down] on the lounge chair. 7. Generally erase the word that. Use it just for lucidity. 8. Give the peruser credit. Once youve set up something, you dont need to rehash it. Model: â€Å"They strolled through the open entryway and plunked down opposite one another in chairs.† On the off chance that they strolled in and sat, we can accept the entryway was open, the heading was down, and-except if told something else there were seats. So you can compose: â€Å"They strolled in and sat opposite each other.† Also, maintain a strategic distance from quotes around words utilized in another unique circumstance, as though the peruser wouldnt â€Å"get it† something else. (Notice how quietly offending that is.) 9. Abstain from telling what’s not occurring. â€Å"He didn’t respond.† â€Å"She didn’t state anything.† â€Å"The swarmed room never got quiet.† On the off chance that you don’t express these things occurred, we’ll accept they didn’t. 10. Abstain from being a descriptive insane person. Great composing is a thing of solid things and action words, not descriptive words. Use them sparingly. Author and editorial manager Sol Stein says one in addition to one equivalents one-half (1+1=1/2), which means the intensity of your words is reduced by not picking only the better one. â€Å"He demonstrated a sketchy, dynamic fighter,† is all the more remarkable in the event that you choose the more grounded of those two descriptive words. Toning it down would be ideal. Which would you pick? 11. Abstain from supporting action words like grinned marginally, nearly snickered, scowled a piece, and so on. 12. Dodge the term actually when you mean allegorically. â€Å"I truly kicked the bucket when I heard that.† R.I.P. â€Å"My eyes truly dropped out of my head.† There’s a story I’d like to peruse. â€Å"I was truly climbing the walls.† You have a future with sickening dread movies. 13. Keep away from a lot of stage heading. You dontâ need to tell each activity of each character in every scene, what they’re doing with each hand, and so on. 14. Keep up a solitary Point of View (POV) for each scene. Neglecting to do so is one of the most widely recognized blunders starting scholars make. Novices regularly guard themselves against this analysis by refering to works of art by renowned creators who damaged this. Times change. Readers’ tastes change. This is the standard for now, and it’s valid for what sells. 15. Stay away from clichã ©s. What's more, not simply words and expressions. There are likewise clichã ©d circumstances, such as beginning your story with the fundamental character waking to a morning timer; having a character portray herself while glancing in a full-length reflect; having future love interests actually chance upon one another upon first gathering, and so forth. 16. Fight the temptation to clarify (RUE). Marian was distraught. She beat the table. â€Å"George, you’re going to drive me crazy,† she stated, furiously. â€Å"You can do it!† George energized said. 17. Show, don’t tell. On the off chance that Marian pounds the table and picks those words, we don’t should be told she’s distraught. On the off chance that George says she can do it, we realize he was empowering. 18. Maintain a strategic distance from quirks of attribution. Individuals talk; they don’t wheeze, pant, murmur, giggle, snort, grunt, answer, counter, shout, or proclaim them. John dropped onto the love seat. â€Å"I’m beat.† Not: John was depleted. He dropped onto the love seat and shouted tiredly, â€Å"I’m beat.† â€Å"I despise you,† Jill stated, narrowing her eyes. Not: â€Å"I loathe you,† Jill shouted fiercely. Now and then individuals murmur or yell or mutter, however let your selection of words infer whether they are protesting, and so forth. In the event that it’s significant that they murmur or snicker, separate the activity from the discourse: Jim moaned. â€Å"I just can’t take any more,† he said. [Usually you can even drop the attribution he said in the event that you have portrayed his activity first. We know who’s speaking.] 19. Points of interest include the ring of truth. Truly, even to fiction. 20. Maintain a strategic distance from comparable character names. Truth be told, keep away from even a similar first initials. 21. Stay away from idiosyncrasies of accentuation, typestyles, and sizes. â€Å"He†¦was†¦DEAD!† doesn’t make a character any more drastically lapsed than â€Å"He was dead.† Your Assignment Apply whatever number of these book altering clues as would be prudent to the principal page of your work-in-progress. Itll have a tremendous effect. I’ve included a downloadable self-altering agenda beneath to assist you with acing these 21 hints. The more boxes you can check for your original copy, the less fatty, meaner, and progressively prepared it will be for accommodation to a distributer. Snap hereâ or underneath to download it free: What different inquiries do you have about how to alter a book? Ask me beneath.

Human Resource Management, Employers and the Management of Labour Essay

Human Resource Management, Employers and the Management of Labor - Essay Example The business condition and the method of working of the business have been experiencing numerous changes since the previous barely any decades. Beforehand administrators were just at risk for keeping discipline in an association. They even didn't have a significant task to carry out during the time spent determination and selecting. Yet, the situation has been changing and the job of administrators has been seen to thoroughly transform. The basic purposes for this transformation were the expanding awareness between the laborers and the nullification of worker's organizations to a huge degree. The other explanation was that the administrations were not any more rigid and turned out to be progressively pleasant to causes and furthermore movable to the advances in the mechanical division (Dalton, 1950). In any case, in the present time, the associations have understood the extent of their HR all things considered with the assistance of these assets that expanded efficiency is achieved by an association. A significant component which should be referenced is that the chiefs in an association are alluded to as the administration and the representatives coming in the classification of nonsupervisory level are alluded to as the workers in this paper. Works require working in groups in associations and accordingly there would cause contrasts between themselves. In such conditions the impedance of the board is viewed as very important in order to determine the issues and keeping up a decent workplace (Dalton, 1950). The reason for this paper is survey the work issues and the privileges of the directors alongside the distinctions in the conventional and contemporary practices. Work Problem and the Need to Resolve It Disputes among the HR and the administration are a known wonder. Questions among the workers could happen because of different reasons and it is in this setting the chiefs need to assume responsibility for the circumstance. The supervisors are the person who are being endowed with the obligation of fathoming the debates. In this setting it is imperative to comprehend the reasons of debate among the representatives or the HR first and afterward the job and need of the directors. The purpose behind questions among the workers and the administration in the businesses has been sorted into four key divisions which identifies with the financial, administrative, political and different causes (Dalton, 1950). It has been discovered that dominant part of the mechanical contrasts among the workers and the administration has been attributable to financial reasons. The prime financial explanation has been the issue of low pay. The compensation structure in the businesses is commonly low thus, it offers ascend to some grave complexities for the HR as far as meeting up to their essential prerequisites. The HR need the compensation or the wages to be proportionate to the amount of work done by them. Such needs appears as mechanical contrasts and issues. The need for higher pays has been seen to be the most focal explanation behind issues between the workers and the administration (Michael, 1988). The need for additional pays as extra has been credited to be the other explanation behind contrasts emerging out of need for pays. The expanding cost of endurance has been the explanation behind the workers to guarantee and set forward their need for additional compensation as dearness stipends. The expanding costs has been ending up being setting off the need for dearness remittances and the un-acknowledgment of such needs by the workers offer ascent to these mechanical contrasts. The workforce of an association is viewed as an indispensable division of the creation. The

How to Find Perfect and Easy Research Paper Topics and Examples of Winning Issues

Easy Research Paper Topics or Which Topics Are Good Choosing the topic of a research paper you are going to write is the first and probably the most important step on your way to perfect research. A whole bunch of things depends on the choice you make. If the topic isn’t interesting, you won’t be able to get up to your neck in research. If the topic is too common, it will be difficult to impress the audience with some new ideas or inventions. If the topic is too rare, there is a risk that no proper information for good research will be found. So, before the final choice is done, the matter of topics should be gotten down fine. The first piece of advice is: don’t try to choose one and only topic from the very beginning. If you were given a list of the topics you can work with, read it thoughtfully and write down every topic that might be interesting for you or buy college papers. If you surf through the Internet, looking for any topic that will become yours, try to determine the field of your future research. As soon as you do it, find the list of the possible topics and choose a couple of them. Depending on the number of topics you choose, try to minimize your list up to 3-5 ones or if you have already done it, look for general information about each one. Such quick info surf will help you to find out how much information is available on every topic. Write down your results. Narrow down the number of topics comparing them and choosing the topic that is interesting for you with enough information for making proper research. Tip: you can write down all your thoughts while surfing for info. Pay attention to the topic that awakes more thoughts. Use the thoughts and ideas you have in your further research. To make a long story short, you can try to apply practically everything that is written above. Just choose the field of your interests and pay your attention to suggested topics. Maybe one of them will become your lucky research topic. Easy research paper topics. Issues of women Women can talk non-stop and the number of topics about women can be endless. There is no need to recite all of them. Below you can find some that might be useful for your future research paper. Multi-child families VS childless – who is happier? What is better? The problem of breast cancer and factors, which influence it. Birth control methods and religious side of the matter. Winnings and losses of the feminist movement. How did it change the world and society? The institution of marriage and the changes it has gone through. Perennial question – what is the woman’s main role? Female hormones and their role in the protection of women’s health. To marry – why and what for? Unfeminine issues: why women don’t succeed in some professions? Criminal justice easy research paper topics. Thanks to plenty of detective series and movies, it became very popular to study criminal justice. So, if you follow this ‘fashion trend’ and now need to write a research paper, here you can find some topics that might be interesting. Criminal stories were always interesting for humanity. What are the reasons for such curiosity? Prison confinement – does it really help to mend a person or cripples further life? Most serial killers were certified as insane. So, is killing normal for human nature? Reasoning about the death sentence or how good deeds can be with fists. Is it true that some people are genetically preconditioned for criminal activities? Some of the former prisoners return to jail because they can’t cope with problems of real life. How is it possible to make them adapted? Will those measures help to prevent future crimes? The court isn’t a sole possessor of ultimate truth. Why court doesn’t equal justice. What are the biggest perversions of justice? A lot of teens are into criminal activities now. What are the reasons for such a bad trend? License to carry weapons or license to kill? Legalizing of marijuana: help for those, who need it or crime legalizing? The right of animals. Are they equal members of modern society? Sport. Easy research paper topics. Sports activities have been exciting for humanity during all its history. Some kinds of sport helped people to struggle and to survive and others were – and remain – a kind of special art. Sport is interesting to watch, to participate and even to write about. The list of the topics presented below might help you to choose the right one. Are football players overpaid? Are they really worth those huge salaries? History of Olympic Games. Are they still a pure sports competition? Fans and their influence on games and sportsmen. Both good and bad examples. The kind of sport you like, its prominent representative and his best achievements. Is there any kind of sport that should be included in the list of Olympic sports or the kind that should be deleted? Sport in colleges – should college athletes be privileged? Unfeminine and ‘sissy’ kinds of sport – is such discrimination correct? Lessons of sport at school. Is it correct to give grades to something that is (not) given by nature? Business easy research paper topics. Nowadays everyone is into business since early ages but the reality of business is difficult, sometimes cruel and should be studied well in order to gain even a bit of success. So, there are some interesting topics for those, who are going to become business sharks. The real chances for the success of small business. Do they really exist? Benefits and implications of child labor. Kids’ exploitation or job training. Who is the perfect manager: gender, age, and personal qualities? The best ways to promote a small business. Family business: benefits and implications. Comparative analysis of franchise and starting a new business. Which one has more chances to succeed? What are the best known psychological selling goods tricks? What makes people follow them? How does recycling influence the prices of goods? How is it possible to improve labor legislation? Should employers have more or fewer rights? Start-ups phenomenon and the reasons for its popularity. Easy research paper topics. In sum Really, the variety of possible topics is huge and no one knows which one will be the best for you. You can invent your own topic or choose the suggested one. It doesn’t really matter. It should be interesting for you. It should turn you into a crazy scientist, who is fond of personal research.

An Inclusion Toolbox for the Full Inclusion Classroom Teacher

The Apology of Socrates Essay examples - 810 Words

Socrates is at the age of seventy and appearing in a law court for the first time. For the people of Socrates time is accusing Socrates, for miss leading the youth corrupting them and boasting about being wise, causing him to become very unpopular. Socrates says to the jury I am going to speak the whole truth, for it is me by myself that I have to defend. He says my accusers are many and I don’t know them, they say, â€Å"you should be careful not be deceived by an accomplished speaker like me† (Cohen, Curd, Reeve, 2000). The accuser goes on to say that Socrates is accomplished speaker; Socrates starts to praise them, because their lies are so good well put together, that Socrates himself is almost convinced but then he says that they do not†¦show more content†¦This made Socrates very unpopular. â€Å"As a result of this investigation, gentleman of the jury, I acquired much unpopularity, of a kind that is hard to deal with and is a heavy burden; many slander s came from these people and a reputation for wisdom, for in each case the bystanders thought that I myself possessed the wisdom that I proved that my interlocutor did not have† (Cohen, et al., 2000). Socrates says that the young men follow me, but not on my account they try to imitate what I say, which causes their fathers to be angry with me. Socrates says I have been accused of corrupting the youth, but I say Meletus is guilty of such things. For it is Meletus who does not believe in the gods of the city and corrupting the youth, Socrates and Meletus start to argue about the rights and wrongs of the law. Socrates proves his point by saying that Meletus contradicts himself, for he say that Socrates doesn’t believe in gods but Socrates I do believe in the gods. Socrates then tells the story of Troy and how Hector son of a king heir to the throne kills Achilles friend Patroclus, during the battle. This made Achilles very vengeful; his mother the goddess warned Achilles if you kill Hector out of vengeance you too will die. Achilles said to go home would be a coward move and it will be a great disgrace. What Socrates is trying to say evenShow MoreRelatedApology On Apology Of Socrates852 Words   |  4 PagesMarch 2, 2017 Apology of Socrates Socrates was a Greek philosopher and the founder of western philosophy. Plato was the student of Socrates who was very motivated by the life and teaching of Socrates. Plato was also one of the greatest Philosopher of ancient Greece. Apology is the actual recorded speech of Socrates by Plato, which was delivered at the trail to defend himself. Many people did not agree with Socrates, so they made several charges against him, which is recorded in the Apology. Some ofRead MoreSocrates And The Apology Of Socrates1322 Words   |  6 Pages Socrates is quite the unique individual compared to most, if not all, other Greeks at that time. In the Apology, Socrates gives an analogy of himself being a gadfly and that his gadfly like actions are favorable for Athens and that the actions are goods he is providing. From his service he claims to live a more private life than a public life when discussing virtue. This paper is going to discuss Socrates and his analogy of a gadfly, approach to other s about virtue, his conduct effect on democracyRead MoreThe Apology by Socrates1099 Words   |  4 PagesApology, in Socrates day, stood for defense rather than seeking forgiveness, as it is now commonly used. To Socrates, it did not matter to him whether or not he was persecuted, as long as he did what was correct. Socrates whole philosophy is that to know knowledge is to have wisdom, and to have wisdom is to know oneself. The people of Athens did not like Socrates due to both the early accusers and late accusers; however, Socrates provides an argument to put these fallacies to rest. Plato’s ApologyRead MoreSocrates and the Apology1136 Words   |  5 Pagesbest sources of information about Socrates philosophical views are the early dialogues of his student Plato, who tried to provide a faithful picture of the methods and teachings of the great master. The Apology is one of the many-recorded dialogues about Socrates. It is about how Socrates was arrested and charged with co rrupting the youth, believing in no god(s) (Atheism) and for being a Sophist. He attended his trial and put up a good argument. I believe that Socrates was wrongfully accused and shouldRead MoreApology of Socrates Summart924 Words   |  4 PagesSummary Platos The Apology is an account of the speech Socrates makes at the trial in which he is charged with not recognizing the gods recognized by the state, inventing new deities, and corrupting the youth of Athens. Socrates speech, however, is by no means an apology in our modern understanding of the word. The name of the dialogue derives from the Greek apologia, which translates as a defense, or a speech made in defense. Thus, in The Apology, Socrates attempts to defend himself andRead MoreSocrates in Apology and Crito1045 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The irreverent, disobedient Socrates of the Apology is inconsistent with the Socrates of the Crito.† Construct an argument supporting or refuting this claim. Be sure to incorporate textual evidence. In Plato’s Apology, Socrates comes off as a defiant and disobedient man with little respect for his accusers and even for the jurors on whom his fate depends. This may seem in stark contrast with the stoic Socrates in Crito who would rather accept the death sentence than let his friend Crito helpRead MoreApology and Phaedo, by Socrates833 Words   |  3 Pagesancient Greek philosopher, Socrates. In the texts that are going to be analyzed in this essay, Apology and Phaedo, are the retellings of words and thoughts of Socrates by Plato, a pupil and admirer of Socrates. Both texts lecture about the topic of death and though both are the thoughts of Socrates at different times of his life, they have similar and contrasting views on the outlook of death. The Apology is the most authentic account that has been preserved of Socrates defense of himself as itRead MoreSocrates’ Speech in Apology975 Words   |  4 Pagesa warning to Socrates. Aristophanes is a â€Å"friendly critic† of Socrates and warns Socrates to change his ways for Athens and for the good of himself (Whidden). Plato’s Symposium and especially his Apology of Socrates justify the claims made in Clouds about the dangers of philosophy and Socrates to the public, even if Plato’s Socrates is less exaggeratedly hubristic than the Socrates in Clouds. Socrates takes the warning from the Clouds seriously. In Socrates’ speech in Apology, he disregardsRead MoreSocrates Apology Of Plato s Apology981 Words   |  4 PagesPart I: Essay Outline Question #2 At 23b of Plato s Apology Socrates claims to be wiser than his interlocutors because, unlike them, he does not think he knows what he does not know. Question: Is this self-assessment genuinely meaningful or is it merely clever word play? Thesis Statement: I think Socrates’ message behind his speech to his interlocutors was to both state his superior wisdom and gain the attention while doing so. Outline I. Introduction A. Opening Statement 1. What is wisdomRead MoreSocrates Apology Analysis1149 Words   |  5 Pages In her analysis of Socrates’s frame of work, Roslyn Weiss defends Socrates to seeker of knowledge. Weiss argues that Socrates should be viewed as a skeptical inquirer because of his pursuit to what is x? As Weiss puts it, Socrates is aware of his own ignorance and knows that one cannot know what things are by simply using definitions. She emphasized for one to a teacher, one must be an expert. From this point of view, it can be inferred that to teach someone you must have all the background and

Peak of Eloquence free essay sample

Allama Sayyid Sharif Radi (970-1015) who at his time outshone all the other scholars due to his extraordinary brilliance had successfully compiled 241 sermons, 79 letters, and 489 sayings of Imam Ali Ibn Abi Talib (656-661) the first successor of Muhammed (pbuh) the prophet of Islam. To even attempt to describe the greatness of Imam Ali (as) is an enigma in itself and would require not days and pages, but volumes and decades of writing. Who was Ali (as) to have uttered such beautifully eloquent words that have to this day baffled, bewildered and mystified scholars and intellects alike? This collection is the living proof that would testify till eternity the position of Ali (as) as a normal human being and as a divinely chosen Imam. A look at the subjects discussed in Nahjul Balagha will be helpful in ascertaining the wide scope of this invaluable treasure of wisdom. Ali (as) through Nahjul Balagha has touched many aspects of the Islamic doctrine and comprised many broad issues such as philosophy, theology, politics, science, morals and ethics down to more specific issues such as jurisprudence and still remains to be the most eloquent book within the Shia school of thought literature. By blood, Ali (as) was the cousin of the prophet and his son in law. By faith, he was the first man to accept the religion of Islam and the last to have been with the prophet of Islam. There are many traditions and saying of the prophet (pbuh) that describe Ali’s (as) virtues such as the famous â€Å"I am the city of knowledge and Ali is its gate† (Sahih al-Tirmidhi d. 279 AH, p. 141) also â€Å"Your position to me is like the position of Aaron to Moses, except that there shall be no Prophet after me (Sahih al-Bukhari, Traditions 5. 6) and the list goes on. The above narrations show that there is no question that Ali (as) was the closest to the prophet and the most knowledgeable after him. Nahjul Balagha provides many insights on historical and political events that Ali’s (as) came to face. The biggest and most important was after the death of the Prophet (pbuh). It is narrated that before the demise of Muhammed (pbuh), in an incident referred to as â€Å"Ghadeer Khom†, Muhammed (pbuh) was ordered by God to assign Ali (as) as the successor after him. Deliver what has been sent down to you from your Lord; and if you dont do it, you have not delivered His message (at all)† (Holy Quran, 5:67). It is narrated that more than 100,000 Muslims have attended this speech wherein Ali (as) was appointed the successor and given allegiance to. Unfortunately, after the prophet passed away, many promises were broken and as Ali (as) was involved in the prophet’s funeral, some mislead companions conspired and voted from amongst them a new Khalifa replacing the rightly appointed Ali (as). In one of the most famous sermons in Nahjul Balagha referred to as Khutbat Al-Shaqshaqqiya (Nahjul Balagha, Sermon 3, p50). Ali (as) criticizes those who conspired against him and reaffirms the fact that this position which â€Å"Abu Quhafah (Abu Bakr) dressed himself† with to him is like an â€Å"axis in relation to the hand-mill†. Ali (as) further explains that he did not rise against this injustice and chose patience and endurance instead. Many of today’s Muslims question the authenticity of this book by denying that this particular sermon is Ali’s (as) words but rather attribute it to the compiler, Allama Radi. To others, this claim is considered totally absurd since Ali (as) never kept his criticism of the first three wrongly-appointed Khalifs even after he was finally chosen as one. Apart from the history and politics that are abundant in this book, there are many wonderful and extraordinary set of rules and advice that Imam Ali (as) narrates to the readers of this book. Many of the sermons are based on moral teachings much like the ones found in the holy Quran, with regards to love, gratitude, patience, respect, forgiveness, humbleness, and other moral and ethical aspect. Many of these teachings would help prepare humanity in the self-purification process required for every Muslim to achieve happiness in the afterlife. In one sermon Ali (as) warns the people against the evils of this world and advices them to abide by Allah’s laws to achieve happiness in the hereafter: â€Å"O creatures of Allah! Fear Allah and anticipate your death by good actions. Get ready for the journey, for you are being driven, and prepare yourselves for death, since it is hovering over you. (Nahjul Balagha, Sermon 205, P534). By reminding the readers of death and afterlife, Ali (as) has placed the reader in front of their actions, much like how God reminds humanity of it’s fate in the Quran: â€Å"Surely We have warned you of a chastisement near at hand: the day when man shall see what his two hands have sent before, and the unbeliever shall say: O! Would that I were dust! † (Holy Quran 78:40) Nahjul Balagha also goes into details with regards to the crea tion of the universe, angels and humans. Some of the previous Muslims scientists have looked into these sermons for scientific research while some of today’s scholars use this book to crystallize their understandings of the aspect of God, Prophethood and Imamah. As a collection of sermons, letters and sayings, this book achieved the highest status after the Quran within the Shia-Muslim school of thought. Nahjul Balagha not only reflects the spirit of early Islam and the teachings of the Quran and the Prophet (pbuh) in the proper perspective, but also serves as a guide to traverse the future in the light of these teachings at the same time gives the reader a strong grasp on history.

Japanese Immigrants to the US

Japanese are among the different ethnic groups that immigrated to the United States between 1870s and 1880s. At that time, the Japanese economy was in the transition stage slowly transforming into the economy that it has today, and this led to numerous economic hardships, like unemployment and crime.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Japanese Immigrants to the US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bankruptcies were wide spread in the economy and civil disorders were common. Such economic hardships forced most Japanese people to immigrate to the US and particularly to Hawaii (Schaefer, 2011). During the time, the sugar industry in Hawaii was booming, which attracted the Japanese, who were mostly laborers. A decade from 1885, almost 30,000 Japanese have moved to Hawaii seeking jobs and hoping to return home. When America took over the Island of Hawaii in 1900, the sugar plantation owners anticipated the legisl ation of American laws against the contract labors (Johnson, 2010). To beat the ban, they imported about 26,000 laborers from Japan in 1899; this was the single largest group of Japanese to leave for America in one year. Finally, the law annulled the contract labor permitting all the Japanese to migrate freely to the mainland USA. Process of Entering the US For many years, Hawaii was densely populated by the Japanese people, as opposed to other regions in the USA, and it was due to racial discrimination in the country. Racial discrimination was not significant in Hawaii as it was in the mainland US this had become known to the Japanese government, and it stopped issuing passports to citizens wishing to travel to the mainland US.Advertising Looking for research paper on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, many of those who received permission to travel to Hawaii found their way to mainland US (Johnson, 2 010). Americans Attitude to Japanese The initial relationship between the Japanese and the American people were similar to those of Chinese and American relationships, as Chinese had also immigrated as laborers to Hawaii. The Chinese in Hawaii and mainland had ventured into small business and were successful, and this led to resentment and rejection from the Americans because of their hard work. The Japanese had followed the same pattern, initially like a substitute to Chinese labor, but soon there was a growing dislike for Japanese. These attitudes were more severe in the mainland as opposed to Hawaii and regulations were put in place that limited their progress and activities. In Hawaii, the laws limited the movement of the Japanese to more skilled jobs, and in the mainland they were not allowed to own land. The theory of racial profiling can be used to describe the experiences of the Japanese Americans, and it became even worse during the Second World War (Schaefer, 2011). Japane se’s Values and Beliefs Japanese society does not believe in one God like most Americans who believe in God who controls everything and determines the fate of people. The Japanese believe in a number of virtues that affect the character and the destiny of the individuals.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Japanese Immigrants to the US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Japanese have all along been a collective society as compared to the American way of life where emphasis is made more on group values rather than on individual ones. These social groups play a significant role in helping other members in the community; this could explain their relative success of the Japanese. The Americans are individualistic society, where individuals look on to themselves and the members of the immediate family (Onozawa, 2003). The Japanese have an exceptionally strong filial piety, where all members of the society respect the elderly and take care of them. They value them as an excellent source of oral traditions that are passed to future generation. Current Conditions in Japan Since the first immigrants moved to the US, the economic conditions in Japan have changed drastically (Schaefer, 2011). Since 1950, Japan has been among the strongest and the fastest growing economies in the world and by 1995 it had caught up with the American economy. It is now one of the most highly industrialized and developed nations in the world and occupies the third position after the United States and China (Onozawa, 2003). When the first immigrants were heading to the US, the country was primarily agricultural, but now it has turned into an industrialized nation with sectors such as manufacturing, service and trade, playing a vital role in the economy (Onozawa, 2003). According to IMF, Japan has one of the highest per capita incomes, and the unemployment level is extremely low. The country is a member of G8, m eaning that it has a powerful influence on the world’s politics and economics.Advertising Looking for research paper on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Japan currently ranks as the top most innovative country in the world, as seen in the number of patents registered. From 1968, Japan was the second largest economy until 2010 when China dislodged it to third position. Almost 70 out of the 500 fortune companies are Japanese, and despite the effects of the Second World War, they emerged with resilience, and its economic growth is almost unbelievable (Schaefer, 2011). Opinion on Their Journey Given the experiences of the Japanese immigrants in the USA, especially during and after the Second World War, the journey did not benefit them; instead they lost all they acquired (Johnson, 2010). When the Pearl Harbor was attacked, it marked a turning point and ushered in the most traumatic experiences of the Japanese immigrants. As a result, many Japanese were murdered and even more were taken to custody and they lost all their investments and jobs. Their assets were liquidated by the state, and after the war Japanese were mostly laborers, whil e those in professional jobs dropped significantly (Johnson, 2010). I would not have made the same decision of moving to the US, in my opinion I would have remained in Japan. Reference List Johnson, R. (2010). Be Good Americans: The Message of the Japanese-American Courier. The Great Depression in Washington State. Retrieved from http://depts.washington.edu/depress/japanese_american_courier_americanism.shtml Onozawa, N. (2003). Immigration from Japan to the U.S.A., Historical Trends and Background. Retrieved from https://www.tsukuba-g.ac.jp/library/kiyou/2003/7.ONOZAWA.pdf Schaefer, R. (2011). Racial and Ethnic Groups. (13th ed.). Washington, DC: Pearson. This research paper on Japanese Immigrants to the US was written and submitted by user Eva Ross to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.